Mudada Dib-u-celinta ee Noocyada Kala duwan ee Mashaariicda Sawir-qaadista

2025-08-05

Ⅰ. Waa maxay muddada dib-u-celinta? Maxay muhiim u tahay?

Muddada dib-u-celinta waxa loola jeedaa wakhtiga loo baahan yahay mashruuca sawir-qaadista si uu uga soo kabsado maal-gelintiisa bilowga ah iyada oo loo marayo qulqulka lacagta caddaanka ah ee kaydka tamarta, iibinta korontada, ama kaalmada. Qaaciddada caadiga ah waa:

Muddada Dib-u-celinta = Kharashka Maalgelinta Bilowga ah ÷ Celceliska Socodka Lacagaha Saafiga ah ee Sannadka

Qiyaastan ayaa cabbiraysa xawaaraha soo kabashada maalgashiga; Sida ugu dhakhsaha badan ee dib u bixinta, waa ay hoos u dhigtaa khatarta, iyo inta soo jiidashada badan ee ay u tahay raasamaal.

 

ⅱ. Noocyada kala duwan ee Mashaariicda Sawirka Voltaic ah iyo Mudada Lacag-celinta Caadiga ah

  1. Saqafka sare ee guriga PV

Goobaha la dego ee Maraykanka, Yurub, Bariga Dhexe, iwm.: Celceliska muddada lacag bixinta waa 6-10 sano. Meelaha qiimaha korontadu uu sarreeyo, qiimaha korontadu si degdeg ah u kordho, ama dhiirigelinta cashuuraha/kabka, muddada dib-u-celinta waxay noqon kartaa mid gaaban.

Shiinaha: Soo celinta sanadlaha ah ee maalgashiga waa qiyaastii 8-10%, oo leh muddada dib-u-celinta caadiga ah ee 6-8 sano.

  1. Saqafka sare ee ganacsiga iyo warshadaha PV  

Caalami ahaan, isticmaalayaasha ganacsiga, gaar ahaan marka la eego qiimaha korontada ugu sarreeya ama qiimaha kala sarreeya, mashaariicda ganacsigu waxay gaari karaan soo celinta sanadlaha ah ee 10-15%, oo leh waqtiyo dib-u-celin caadi ah oo ku dhow 5 sano.

Gobollada sida California, mashaariicda ganacsigu waxay caadi ahaan dib u soo celinayaan 3-5 sano, halka ururada aan faa'iido doonka ahayn ay qaadan karaan wax yar ka badan 4-7 sano.

  1. Beeraha PV-ga loo isticmaalo

Caalami ahaan, mashaariicda heerka isticmaalka guud, gaar ahaan wadamada kheyraadka hodanka ah (Shiinaha, Hindiya, Maraykanka, Bariga Dhexe, Afrika, iwm), waxay gaaraan soo celinta sanadlaha ah ee 6-10%, oo leh muddo dib u celin caadi ah oo ah 6-10 sano.

Gobollada leh kheyraadka cadceedda oo liita iyo kabitaannada la dhimay, sida Boqortooyada Ingiriiska, mashaariicda tamarta tamarta waxaa laga yaabaa inay kordhiyeen muddooyinka dib u bixinta 10-12 sano.

  1. Solarka Bulshada

Mashruucyada cadceedda ee bulshadu wadaagto waxay u ogolaataa dhinacyo badan inay maalgashadaan oo wadaagaan faa'iidada, iyadoo wakhtiyada dib u celinta ay aad u kala duwan yihiin, caadi ahaan u dhexeeya 6-20 sano. Qiimaha korantada maxalliga ah, kabitaannada, iyo heshiisyada ka-qaybgalka ayaa dhammaantood saameeya muddadan.

  1. Agrivoltaics

Nidaamyada isku dhafka beeraha iyo tamarta cadceedda, taasoo u sahlaysa beeralayda inay ka faa'iidaystaan beerashada dalagga iyo korontadda labadaba. Muddada dib-u-celinta guud ahaan waa ka gaaban tahay, sida caadiga ah 4-8 sano, iyada oo xaaladaha qaarkood xitaa aad u dheereeya.

  1. PV sabbaynaya

Nidaamyada PV ee lagu rakibay sagxadaha biyaha ayaa ka faa'iideysta saamaynta qaboojinta iyo kharashyada dhulka oo hooseeya, taas oo keeneysa muddo dib u celin tamar ah oo ku dhow 1.3 sano (marka laga eego dhinaca maalgashiga tamarta, maaha mid lacageed). Muddada dib-u-celinta dhaqaalaha dhabta ahi waxay caadi ahaan u dhaxaysaa 3 ilaa 5 sano.

 

Ⅲ. Qodobbada Muhiimka ah ee Saameynaya Muddada Lacag-bixinta

  1. Xaaladaha Juqraafiga iyo Qorraxda

Gobollada leh kheyraadka cadceedda oo aad u badan (sida Bariga Dhexe, Koonfurta Aasiya, Afrika, iyo Koonfurta Yurub) waxay leeyihiin koronto sanadle ah oo sarreeya, taasoo keentay in muddo gaaban dib loo bixiyo. Woqooyiga Yurub waxay leedahay waqtiyo lacag celin ah oo dheer.

  1. Qiimaha Korontada iyo Siyaasadaha Kabidda  

Gobollada leh qiimaha korontadu sareeyo iyo kabitaanno badan (sida tacriifadaha quudinta iyo canshuur celinta) waxay helaan lacag celin degdeg ah; Waddamada kabitaanka la dhimay iyo qiimaha korontadu hooseeyo, dib u soo celinta ayaa ah mid gaabis ah.

  1. Nidaamka Miisaanka iyo Nooca Mashruuca  

Nidaamyada qaybinta yar-yar waxay bixiyaan soo celin dabacsan oo degdeg ah; si kastaba ha ahaatee, mashaariicda waaweyn ee dhexe, in kasta oo wadarta guud ee kharashka, waxay leeyihiin kharash hoose halkii kiilowatt-saac iyo ilo dakhli oo deggan, taas oo awood u siinaysa guud ahaan muddada dib u bixinta in la xakameeyo 6-10 sano gudahood.

  1. Haddii ay ku qalabaysan yihiin hababka kaydinta tamarta (photovoltaic-kaydinta)  

Nidaamyada kaydinta sawir-qaadista waxay kordhiyaan qiimaha is-isticmaalka laakiin waxay kordhiyaan kharashyada maalgashiga bilowga ah. Tusaale ahaan, kiisaska kaydinta sawir-qaadista ee la deggan yahay ee Shiinaha, muddada dib-u-celinta waa qiyaastii 6 sano; arrimo ay ka mid yihiin kharashyada tignoolajiyada iyo qaab-dhismeedka qiimaha korantada maxalliga ah ayaa sidoo kale saameeya wareegga.

  1. Hawlaha iyo kharashka dayactirka iyo hoos u dhaca nidaamka  

Marka qaybaha guddigu da'da iyo hawlgallada iyo kharashaadka dayactirku kordho, socodka lacagta caddaanka ah ee dhabta ah wax yar ayuu ka hooseeyaa moodooyinka aragtida. Sidaa darteed, waxaa lagu talinayaa in la xafido 10-15% qiimo dhimis.

 

ⅳ. Jadwalka isbarbardhigga noocyada caadiga ah marka loo eego aragtida caalamiga ah

Nooca mashruuca Wax-soo-saarka sannadlaha ah (la qiyaasay) Muddada celinta caadiga ah (sanadaha) Tusaalooyinka goobaha gobolka
Deganaanshaha Qaybsan PV ~8-10% 6-8 / 6-10 Shiinaha, Maraykanka, Ingiriiska, Bariga Dhexe, iwm.
Ganacsiga/Warshad Qaybinta PV ~10-15% ~5 Saqafka sare ee shirkadaha, xarumaha wax laga iibsado, isbitaallada, iwm.
Utility-Scale Ground-Mounted PV ~6-10% 6-10 / 10-12 Shiinaha, Hindiya, Ingiriiska, Afrika, Maraykanka, iwm.
Bulshada PV doorsoome 6-20 Waqooyiga Ameerika, Yurub, wadamada soo koraya, iwm.
Agrivoltaic Dakhliga beeralayda iyo tamarta ee isku mar ah 4-8 Shiinaha, Japan, Yurub, iwm. Mashaariicda is dhexgalka qorraxda ee beeraha
PV sabbaynaya Waxtarka sare, badbaadinta dhulka, badbaadinta booska Dib u celinta tamarta ~ 1.3 sano; dib u celinta dhaqaalaha qiyaastii. 3–5 Waddamada leh haro badan, kayd, iyo kheyraad oogada biyaha